Arum Zantedeschia: A Guide to Growing and Caring for Calla Lilies

Introduction

The Arum zantedeschia, commonly known as the calla lily, is a genus of perennial flowering plants belonging to the Araceae family. Native to southern Africa, these elegant and versatile plants are prized for their striking trumpet-shaped blooms and lush foliage.

Calla lilies are popular additions to gardens and landscapes, adding a touch of drama and sophistication with their vibrant colors and unique form. They are also widely used as cut flowers and make stunning centerpieces for special occasions.

Varieties of Arum Zantedeschia

There are numerous varieties of Arum zantedeschia, each offering distinctive colors and forms.

Popular Varieties

• Zantedeschia aethiopica: White calla lily with pristine white blooms and elegant spadix
• Zantedeschia elliottiana: Yellow calla lily with vibrant yellow blooms and contrasting dark green leaves
• Zantedeschia hybrid ‘Black Magic’: Deep purple-black calla lily with dramatic blooms
• Zantedeschia rehmannii: Pink calla lily with soft pink blooms and distinct speckled leaves
• Zantedeschia ‘Jumbo Mix’: A mix of colorful hybrids with blooms in shades of white, yellow, pink, and purple

Cultural Requirements

Arum zantedeschia are relatively easy to grow, but they have specific cultural requirements to thrive:

Light

Calla lilies prefer full sun to partial shade. They need at least 6 hours of sunlight per day for optimal growth and flowering.

Soil

They prefer well-drained, humus-rich soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.5. Amend the soil with organic matter such as compost or manure to improve drainage and fertility.

Water

Calla lilies require consistent moisture, but they do not tolerate soggy conditions. Water regularly, especially during hot, dry weather. Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot.

Fertilizer

Fertilize calla lilies monthly with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season. This will help promote healthy growth and flowering.

Temperature

Calla lilies are hardy in USDA hardiness zones 8-11. They prefer warm temperatures between 60-75°F (16-24°C). Protect plants from frost in colder climates.

Planting and Propagation

Calla lilies can be planted in spring or fall after all danger of frost has passed.

Planting

Dig a hole twice as wide as the root ball and just as deep. Place the calla lily plant in the hole and backfill with soil. Water deeply to settle the soil.

Propagation

Calla lilies can be propagated by dividing the rhizomes in spring or fall. Dig up the plant, carefully separate the rhizomes, and replant them in new locations.

Common Pests and Diseases

Calla lilies are generally pest-free, but they are susceptible to a few common problems:

Pests

Aphids: Small, soft-bodied insects that feed on plant sap

Thrips: Tiny, slender insects that damage leaves and flowers

Spider mites: Microscopic pests that spin webs on leaves and suck plant juices

Diseases

Root rot: A fungal disease that causes roots to rot and decline

Bacterial blight: A bacterial infection that causes yellowing and wilting of leaves

Virus: Viruses can cause a variety of symptoms, including stunted growth, leaf discoloration, and blossom distortion

Landscaping Uses

Calla lilies are versatile plants that can be incorporated into a wide range of landscaping designs:

Borders and beds: Calla lilies make a striking border along walkways and garden beds

Containers: They are ideal for growing in containers on patios and balconies

Water gardens: Calla lilies can be grown in shallow water, making them a unique addition to water gardens

Cut flowers: The long-lasting blooms of calla lilies make them popular cut flowers for bouquets and arrangements

Additional Tips

Here are some additional tips for growing and caring for calla lilies:

Deadhead spent blooms: Remove spent blooms to encourage new flowering and prevent seed production

Overwintering: In colder climates, protect calla lilies from frost by digging up the rhizomes and storing them in a cool, dry place over winter

Repotting: Repot container-grown calla lilies every 2-3 years or when they become pot-bound

Companion planting: Plant calla lilies with other moisture-loving plants, such as hostas, ferns, and impatiens